Waterproofing is an essential technique in civil construction and in several other sectors. It plays a key role in protecting structures against water infiltration, which can cause significant damage over time. In this article we will explore how waterproofing works, the different types available.
What are waterproofing agents?
Waterproofing agents are substances or materials applied to surfaces or structures to make them resistant to water penetration. They form an effective moisture barrier, preventing water from infiltrating porous surfaces such as concrete, masonry and wood. Waterproofing agents are widely used in construction, from slabs and walls to swimming pools and roofs.
How do waterproofing products work?
Waterproofing products work in a variety of ways, depending on the type and specific application. Here are some of the main ways it works:
- Physical Barrier: Some waterproofing products form a physical barrier that prevents water from penetrating surfaces. They can be applied as coatings or membranes that seal the surface and block water entry.
- Porosity Reduction: Other waterproofing agents work by reducing the porosity of surfaces. They fill voids in building materials, making them less permeable to water.
- Chemical Reaction: Certain waterproofing agents react chemically with construction materials, forming products that are resistant to water. This reaction creates a durable protective layer.
- Water Repellency: Some waterproofing products work by creating a water-repellent surface. This causes the water to run off instead of being absorbed into the surface.
Common Types of Waterproofing
There are several types of waterproofing available, each suitable for different situations and materials. Here are some of the most common types:
- Acrylic waterproofing: They are water-based and form a flexible film on the surface, ideal for walls, slabs and vertical surfaces.
- Polyurethane waterproofing: They are UV resistant and have good flexibility, and are often used on roofs and external areas.
- Asphalt blankets: These consist of rolls of asphalt material and are applied to areas such as slabs, terraces and swimming pools.
- Crystallizers: They work by reacting with surface minerals to form waterproof crystals, making them suitable for concrete and masonry.
- Silicones: They offer high resistance to weathering and are used to seal joints and exposed surfaces.
- Polyester waterproofing: They are reinforced with polyester fabric to increase mechanical resistance, and are applied in places subject to movement.
Conclusion
Waterproofing (impermeabilizante) products play a vital role in preserving and protecting structures against water infiltration. They work in a variety of ways, from creating physical barriers to reducing the porosity of surfaces.
