Diaper rash or diaper dermatitis is a term that describes an irritation that occurs on the skin of diaper-covered infants and children. This is a common skin problem in children and infants and affects between 7 and 35% of children. Diaper rash is most common in infants aged 9-12 months. However, it can happen at any age.
TYPES OF DIAPER RASH
There are two types of diaper rash.
*Dirty diapers can cause or worsen the rash
*Rashes not caused by diaper use
Parents may not be able to identify the exact cause and type of diaper rash. It is usually possible to start treatment at home. You should consult your child’s doctor if the rash becomes severe or more severe.
Diaper-related rash
There are several causes of diaper-related rashes. These include irritation, yeast infections, and allergic reactions. Diaper-related rashes can be more common in children who have recently had antibiotics or are experiencing an episode of diarrhea.
Irritant dermatitis
Irritant Dermatitis refers to red, inflamed skin caused by an irritant (usually urine and feces associated with diaper rash). Diaper rash is most commonly caused by irritation dermatitis. The most common areas affected are the lower abdomen, upper thighs, genitals, and buttocks. However, the skin folds usually do not become irritated. The symptoms can range from mild redness to severe weeping, and raised or peeling skin.
Allergy
Diaper rash is less common if there are allergic reactions to diapers or skin sensitivities. Itchy, red, and raised skin around the diaper area are signs of allergic contact dermatitis. Skin that has come in contact with dyes from the diapers can become allergic and become sensitive. Preservatives in baby wipes can also trigger allergic reactions.
Seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic Dermatitis is a skin condition in which infants develop red patches and yellowish scaly skin. It is most common in the skin folds between the legs and the body. However, it can also be found in the neck and scalp (where it’s called “cradle caps”), armpit, front of the elbow, and behind the knees.
Atopic dermatitis
Because moisture is trapped in diapers, atopic dermatitis is also known as eczema. There may be signs such as frequent scratching, scabs, or scratch marks in the diaper area. In a separate topic review, we discuss atopic dermatitis in greater detail.
Bacterial infection
Impetigo can be a bacterial infection that develops in the diaper area as well as other parts of the body. It is caused by bacteria normally found on the skin. Infection can also occur if there is a cut in the skin. Impetigo can be described as small, yellow-colored, fluid-filled lesions that are between 1 and 2 millimeters in size. Any child who has these symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis can cause skin conditions such as reddening and silvery scaly patches. The silver scale might be absent in the diaper area. In a separate topic review, we discuss psoriasis in greater detail.
Scabies
Scabies is a skin condition that causes intense itching. Itchy, reddening areas in the abdomen, arms, legs, genitals, and web spaces can all be a sign of scabies. Infants and young children are more likely to be affected by scabies than their parents. Multiple family members can be affected by scabies simultaneously.
DIAGNOSIS OF DIAPER RASH
Diaper rash can be treated at home in most cases. If your child has severe or worsening diaper rash or other symptoms, such as fever, bloody stool, or significant discomfort, you should immediately contact their healthcare provider.
DIAPER RASH TREATMENT
Diaper rash can be treated with a combination of different measures. They are most effective when taken together. These letters ABCDE can be used to help you remember all the measures.
Powders
Powders that contain talc or cornstarch can be used for diaper rash. Powders are not recommended for the treatment of diaper rash. The child may accidentally inhale them.
Periods of diaper-free living
Reducing skin contact with urine or feces is the best way to get rid of irritant diaper rash. This means that diapers should be stopped or limited. This can be done by allowing your child to go outside without using a diaper and exposing their skin to the elements. A waterproof barrier can be used under the child to prevent soiling.
Apply skin barrier ointments and pastes
You can also use skin ointments and pastes to help with irritant diaper rash. To prevent the ointment from sticking to the diaper, it should be used at each diaper change. The paste or ointment should last for a long time and stick to any skin areas that are damaged or irritated. You don’t have to wash the paste or ointment off your skin with every diaper change.
Antifungal treatments
If the child has a yeast infection, an antifungal treatment might be recommended. It is not recommended that the child receive this type of treatment without first consulting their provider. You can find antifungal products in cream, powder, and ointment. You can apply the treatment two to three times daily and it can be used under a barrier skin paste or ointment until the rash disappears.
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